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@@ -9,30 +9,32 @@ openssl-pkcs8 - PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool
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B<openssl> B<pkcs8>
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[B<-help>]
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[B<-topk8>]
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[B<-inform PEM|DER>]
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[B<-outform PEM|DER>]
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[B<-in filename>]
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[B<-passin arg>]
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[B<-out filename>]
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[B<-passout arg>]
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[B<-iter count>]
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[B<-inform> B<DER>|B<PEM>]
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[B<-outform> B<DER>|B<PEM>]
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[B<-in> I<filename>]
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[B<-passin> I<arg>]
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[B<-out> I<filename>]
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[B<-passout> I<arg>]
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[B<-iter> I<count>]
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[B<-noiter>]
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[B<-rand file...>]
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[B<-writerand file>]
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[B<-rand> I<files>]
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[B<-writerand> I<file>]
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[B<-nocrypt>]
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[B<-traditional>]
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[B<-v2 alg>]
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[B<-v2prf alg>]
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[B<-v1 alg>]
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[B<-engine id>]
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[B<-v2> I<alg>]
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[B<-v2prf> I<alg>]
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[B<-v1> I<alg>]
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[B<-engine> I<id>]
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[B<-scrypt>]
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[B<-scrypt_N N>]
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[B<-scrypt_r r>]
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[B<-scrypt_p p>]
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[B<-scrypt_N> I<N>]
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[B<-scrypt_r> I<r>]
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[B<-scrypt_p> I<p>]
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=for openssl ifdef engine scrypt scrypt_N scrypt_r scrypt_p
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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The B<pkcs8> command processes private keys in PKCS#8 format. It can handle
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This command processes private keys in PKCS#8 format. It can handle
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both unencrypted PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo format and EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo
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format with a variety of PKCS#5 (v1.5 and v2.0) and PKCS#12 algorithms.
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@@ -50,12 +52,12 @@ Normally a PKCS#8 private key is expected on input and a private key will be
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written to the output file. With the B<-topk8> option the situation is
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reversed: it reads a private key and writes a PKCS#8 format key.
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=item B<-inform DER|PEM>
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=item B<-inform> B<DER>|B<PEM>
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This specifies the input format: see L<KEY FORMATS> for more details. The default
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format is PEM.
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=item B<-outform DER|PEM>
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=item B<-outform> B<DER>|B<PEM>
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This specifies the output format: see L<KEY FORMATS> for more details. The default
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format is PEM.
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@@ -65,30 +67,26 @@ format is PEM.
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When this option is present and B<-topk8> is not a traditional format private
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key is written.
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=item B<-in filename>
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=item B<-in> I<filename>
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This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this
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option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be
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prompted for.
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=item B<-passin arg>
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=item B<-passin> I<arg>, B<-passout> I<arg>
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The input file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
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see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)>.
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The password source for the input and output file.
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For more information about the format of B<arg>
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see L<openssl(1)/Pass Phrase Options>.
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=item B<-out filename>
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=item B<-out> I<filename>
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This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output by
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default. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be
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prompted for. The output filename should B<not> be the same as the input
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filename.
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=item B<-passout arg>
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The output file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
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see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)>.
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=item B<-iter count>
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=item B<-iter> I<count>
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When creating new PKCS#8 containers, use a given number of iterations on
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the password in deriving the encryption key for the PKCS#8 output.
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@@ -103,28 +101,19 @@ This option does not encrypt private keys at all and should only be used
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when absolutely necessary. Certain software such as some versions of Java
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code signing software used unencrypted private keys.
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=item B<-rand file...>
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=item B<-rand> I<files>, B<-writerand> I<file>
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A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
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generator.
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Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
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The separator is B<;> for MS-Windows, B<,> for OpenVMS, and B<:> for
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all others.
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See L<openssl(1)/Random State Options> for more information.
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=item [B<-writerand file>]
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Writes random data to the specified I<file> upon exit.
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This can be used with a subsequent B<-rand> flag.
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=item B<-v2 alg>
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=item B<-v2> I<alg>
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This option sets the PKCS#5 v2.0 algorithm.
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The B<alg> argument is the encryption algorithm to use, valid values include
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The I<alg> argument is the encryption algorithm to use, valid values include
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B<aes128>, B<aes256> and B<des3>. If this option isn't specified then B<aes256>
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is used.
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=item B<-v2prf alg>
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=item B<-v2prf> I<alg>
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This option sets the PRF algorithm to use with PKCS#5 v2.0. A typical value
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value would be B<hmacWithSHA256>. If this option isn't set then the default
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@@ -133,15 +122,15 @@ for the cipher is used or B<hmacWithSHA256> if there is no default.
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Some implementations may not support custom PRF algorithms and may require
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the B<hmacWithSHA1> option to work.
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=item B<-v1 alg>
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=item B<-v1> I<alg>
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This option indicates a PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 algorithm should be used. Some
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older implementations may not support PKCS#5 v2.0 and may require this option.
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If not specified PKCS#5 v2.0 form is used.
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=item B<-engine id>
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=item B<-engine> I<id>
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Specifying an engine (by its unique B<id> string) will cause B<pkcs8>
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Specifying an engine (by its unique I<id> string) will cause this command
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to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine,
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thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default
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for all available algorithms.
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@@ -153,15 +142,15 @@ parameters: currently N=16384, r=8 and p=1 and AES in CBC mode with a 256 bit
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key. These parameters can be modified using the B<-scrypt_N>, B<-scrypt_r>,
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B<-scrypt_p> and B<-v2> options.
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=item B<-scrypt_N N> B<-scrypt_r r> B<-scrypt_p p>
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=item B<-scrypt_N> I<N>, B<-scrypt_r> I<r>, B<-scrypt_p> I<p>
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Sets the scrypt B<N>, B<r> or B<p> parameters.
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Sets the scrypt I<N>, I<r> or I<p> parameters.
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=back
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=head1 KEY FORMATS
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Various different formats are used by the pkcs8 utility. These are detailed
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Various different formats are used by this command. These are detailed
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below.
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If a key is being converted from PKCS#8 form (i.e. the B<-topk8> option is
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